Latin Recommended Basic Vocabulary


Verbs and Related Words: Verbs Which Express or Affect the State of the Subject

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Verbs Which Express or Affect the State of the Subject
English Latin
power potestas, potestat-
about to be, the future futurus
empty, free from, unoccupied vacuus
increase, grow cresco, crevi, cretus
be without, lack, miss, want careo, carui, cariturus
be green, vigorous, youthful vireo
be able, can possum, posse, potui
alive, lively vivus
shine, sparkle, vibrate mico, micui
be lacking desum, deesse, defui
be away, be absent absum, abesse, abfui (or afui), afuturus
be sum, esse, fui, futurus
be present adsum, adesse, affui (or adfui)
shine, be brilliant, be sleek niteo, nitui
bright, clear, lucid lucidus
preferable, rather potior, potius
sleep dormio, dormivi, dormitus
be over and above, survive, remain supersum, superesse, superfui
likeness, portrait, statue simulacrum
be born, spring from, arise nascor, natus (dep)
chiefly, above all potissimum
cause to increase, strengthen augeo, auxi, auctus
be bright, be daylight, be clear or evident luceo, luxi
merit, deserve mereo, merui, meritus
burn, glow, desire, be in love ardeo, arsi, arsus
light lux, luc-
shining, handsome, polished nitidus
shine, lightning fulgeo, fulsi
banquet, feast convivium
breathe, blow, inspire spiro, -avi, -atus
be pale palleo, pallui
steep, difficult arduus
arise, come into existence exsisto, (or existo), exstiti, exstitus
make like, represent, feign, simulate simulo, -avi, -atus
be open, be clear, extend pateo, patui
spirit, breath spiritus
power potentia
abound, overflow abundo, -avi, -atus
spare, be moderate or frugal parco, peperei or parsi, parsus
live, be alive vivo, vixi, victus
burn up uro, ussi, ustus
imitate, copy imitor, imitatus (dep)
be empty, be free of, be at leisure vaco, -avi, -atus
powerful potens, potent-
heat, ardor ardor
offspring, child natus
moon luna
be useful or advantageous to, profit prosum, prodesse, profui
green viridis
light lumen, lumin-
able potis
be without, be in need, be poor egeo, egui
thunderbolt fulmen, fulmin-
be red, blush rubeo, rubui



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